The axolotl is one of the most fascinating species in the animal kingdom. With its unique appearance, regenerative capacity, and history tied to Aztec mythology, this amphibian endemic to the lakes of Xochimilco, Mexico, has captivated scientists and nature lovers alike. Unlike other amphibians, the axolotl does not complete its metamorphosis and maintains larval characteristics throughout its life, a phenomenon known as neoteny. It is capable of regenerating limbs, organs, and even parts of its brain, which has sparked great interest in medical science.
The axolotl and Mexican mythology
Long before Europeans documented it, the axolotl already had a deep meaning in Mexica culture. Its name comes from the term ““axolotl”, which translates as “water monster” or “water dog.” According to Mexican mythology, the axolotl was the representation of the god Xólotl, Quetzalcóatl's twin brother.
Legend has it that when the gods decided to sacrifice themselves to create the Sun and the Moon, Xolotl, terrified, fled by transforming himself into different beings to escape his fate. His last transformation was into an axolotl, hiding in the lakes. However, he was discovered and eventually sacrificed. This myth explained the unique appearance of the axolotl and its link to water and regeneration.
Documented for the first time by two Spaniards: Fray Bernardino de Sahagún and Francisco Hernández de Toledo
The first scientific descriptions of the axolotl appear for the first time in the works of two Spaniards: the ethnographer and Franciscan missionary Bernardino de Sahagún and the doctor and naturalist Francisco Hernández de Toledo. Both refer to descriptions of the axolotl in their 16th century chronicles. In his work, Sahagún describes the axolotl as a “minnow” from the lakes of the Basin of Mexico, highlighting its unusual appearance and its qualities in indigenous food.
Despite these descriptions, it was Baron Alexander von Humboldt who introduced it to Europe in the 19th century. Since then, the axolotl has been studied in laboratories around the world due to its extraordinary biological capabilities.
The population has decreased by 80 percent in the last twenty years.
Today, this species is critically endangered due to water pollution, reduction of its natural habitat, invasive species that have been introduced into its habitat, and illegal capture and trade. However, thanks to conservation efforts, there is still hope to preserve this incredible amphibian, a symbol of nature's resilience. A population in alarming decline
Decades ago, axolotls were abundant in the lakes of the Basin of Mexico, especially in the systems of Xochimilco and ChalcoHowever, recent studies show a devastating reality: the population has declined by 80 percent or more in the last twenty years. According to data provided by the IUCN, It is estimated that its population does not exceed 1.000 specimens.
The axolotl is not only a symbol of Mexican history and culture, but a jewel of nature with immense value for science. Its extinction in the wild would be a irreparable loss, which is why it is essential to continue promoting its conservation. Every action counts: from supporting conservation programs, reducing the use of plastics and chemicals in homes, to educating new generations about the importance of protecting biodiversity.
With the opening of the new Central and South America zone, Bioparc Fuengirola has become part of the network of conservation parks working to protect the axolotl. Visitors can see two different species, the Mexican axolotl and the jaguar. On the occasion of Axolotl Day, which is commemorated on February 1, Bioparc Fuengirola highlights the importance of protecting this curious species. In addition, it joins in the celebration with workshops for the little ones in the house, who this coming weekend will have the opportunity to enjoy a fun and playful workshop in which they will get to know the reality of the axolotl and participate in the daily feeding of the species together with the Education and Herpetology teams.
